Education

Crypto

Crypto 101

Important Crypto Terms

Blockchain – The basic model in crypto, consisting of a chain made out of blocks filled with transactions.

Wallet – A wallet for you to hold coins and tokens, where you have the full control.

Seed Phrase – A phrase of 12 or 24 words, which are used to create and recover (if lost) your wallet. NEVER share this phrase because it gives everyone full control over your funds if they have it. One seed phrase can generate many private keys.

Private Key – A key only known to you (don’t share to anyone), which is needed to prove ownership of coins and will be used to sign your transactions.

Public Key – The key which acts as your receiver address, public to everyone, and can be shared freely.

Hardware Wallet – A physical device used to store your seed phrase and private keys which are needed to access your coins. A lesser known fact is, that the device stores only these two (key and phrase) and not your coins, the coins stay on the blockchain but the means to access and use them will be stored on the device. Hardware wallets guarantee that your seed phrase and private key will never leave that device and are safe against hackers.

Hot Wallet – A web wallet which does not require any hardware and can be installed right into your browser. It stores seed phrase and private keys in your browser and is not as safe as a hardware wallet.

Coin – The native currency of a blockchain, which is used for transaction fees.

Token – A token is a currency of an application residing on a blockchain.

Gas – Also known as the transaction fee on a blockchain paid in the native currency of the blockchain. Many blockchains have a dynamic fee which adjusts to current network load, the higher the load, the more expansive the fee.

Consensus – The algorithm that is used to reach a consensus on the blockchain. This is necessary because of the decentralized nature and to avoid malicious actors to get control over the blockchain.

Proof of Work – The consensus used in Bitcoin, people will be rewarded by computing a difficult problem and creating blocks. The user who solves it first receives the reward and writes his Block onto the blockchain. The computational task will be repeated each block, which would be every 10 minutes in the case of Bitcoin.

Mempool – A pool on the Bitcoin blockchain which consists of transactions that are not confirmed, basically a waitlist for transactions.

Miner – A user or group of users who provide computational power to solve a problem on the blockchain to receive a reward.

Halving – The BTC halving event occurs every 4 years and cuts the miner BTC rewards in half, effectively halving the BTC inflation and lowering supply.

TPS – Short for transactions per second, which is used as a measurement for the throughput of a blockchain

Whale – A person with a very big amount of money.

Tokenomics – These describe the supply and circulation of coins.

Securely using exchanges

There are a lot of different exchanges in the crypto sector and a lot of uncertainty about coin safety, especially after the FTX bankruptcy in 2022. Most smaller exchanges have usually a higher risk of bankruptcy or even cyberattacks which leads to a loss of funds if the exchange can’t recover.

The exchanges I trust the most are:

Kraken – One of the oldest exchanges out there, reliable with (mostly) good fees.
Coinbase – One of the biggest exchanges out there, if the Coinbase app is number 1 in the App store in downloads, the bull run peak is near.
KuCoin – Not on the same level as Kraken and Coinbase in terms of volume, but good to buy while offering additional services.

I don’t especially trust Binance, but they are ok too. There is always hate and misinformation about them but looking at their size, it is generally safe to assume that they won’t fail looking at their long history in crypto.

My advice is that you only use exchanges to buy crypto and move them away from the exchange into hardware wallets if you plan to hold them for a longer time. In the case of short term trading, the fees to send coins from and to exchanges would be too high over time, and it would be advised to store only the amount needed for trading on the exchange.

Hardware Wallets

Hardware Wallets are physical devices which store your private keys, which are needed to sign a transaction and delivering proof that you truly own these cryptos. Private keys or seed phrases will never leave your hardware wallet, making them the safest solution out there while still comfortable to use. Only buy them in the official store to avoid any tampering.

The Ledger hardware wallet is the dominant player out there with many smaller competitors, led by Trezor.

Ledger supports the biggest amount of tokens to store which makes it ideal for most people. Recent updates in May 2023 of Ledger led to a lot of misinformation saying that they would not be safe anymore because they plan to introduce the ”Ledger recovery” feature. This would generate a recovery key (not your seed phrase or private key), encrypt it and send it to 3 storage companies. It is an optional service and requires KYC (Know Your Customer) verification. If you don’t use the service, there is nothing to worry about.

How emotions will ruin your profits

Because of the high volatility in the crypto market, emotions can be influenced easily. Some big whales know this and play the market in that way to make profit, this is obviously market manipulation, but possible because of missing regulations. It is important to learn to control your emotions or at least to be able to take a step back. A long term vision will help with that, by knowing the cycles of BTC and the overall crypto market it is easier to endure the volatility. FOMO (Fear of Missing Out) is your worst enemy in crypto and will be increased by looking at social media (Twitter, YouTube, etc.) seeing people push a coin. Most of the time, it is some kind of insider trading or a group trying to push a coin to sell on retail traders.

Here are 3 rules how I solved my FOMO:

Wait 3 days – If you feel FOMO, wait for 3 days and look if you still want to buy.
Never buy a green day – If a hard pump occurred, don’t buy into it. Yes you might miss something but if it drops you will be mad at yourself.
Buy on discount – If you want to buy, wait for drops or set specific buy zones and buy only in those zones. What goes up will come down again.

If your emotions are too strong for that, I like to DCA. Yes, it won’t be the bottom or the best price, but buying constantly at a set day or week you will be able to accumulate a good bag which averages out your bad buys with the good buys. You can improve this with proper chart analysis by only doing DCA after a bigger drop, but don’t make the mistake and hope for a bigger drop and to miss out completely. Doing DCA during the accumulation phase in the bear market is one of the safest ways to make a good profit in crypto. It takes time and is boring and that’s why only few do it constantly. And most will get distracted by memecoin pumps or other shiny things just to buy in later into these previous boring coins at higher prices.

The BTC cycle

The BTC cycle is tied to the halving of block rewards and occurs roughly every 4 years. It is believed that these events create a lag effect of supply shortage and lead to a bull run and price increase of the crypto market. Because BTC is by far the biggest asset in this space, all altcoins and other currencies are tied to the moves of BTC. A BTC bull run lasts usually 3 years (according to past history), followed by a big crash between 70 and 90%. The first bull run year after the crash year is mostly sideways and shows the recovery of the market, also known as the accumulation phase. The next 2 years will be mostly upwards with small corrections and new all-time highs in comparison to past cycles. Generally speaking, there are three groups of people. Firstly, the ones who believe that BTC will continue this pattern forever and grow in price indefinitely. Then those who say BTC will keep doing that until it reaches a stable adoption and the market cap will be of sufficient size that there won’t be as much volatility as now. And lastly, those who say BTC will die because of its technical limitations.
I tend to position myself in the second group of people, there will obviously a limit of price someday if sufficient adoption is reached, but looking at the technology, we won’t see BTC vanishing anytime soon. There are already BTC scaling solutions offering technology to help with scaling and other projects working on easier accessibility for normal people.

Stablecoins

Stablecoins are a way to bind cryptocurrencies to fiat currencies. If we take a USD stablecoin for example, its value will always be close to $1 as long as the users of it trust its value. There are different kinds of stablecoins and how they are backed.

Fiat backed Stablecoin – Backed by its respective fiat currency, generally in a reserve held by the issuer which would be the company which created the coin.
Collateralized Stablecoin – Backed by on-chain assets like cryptocurrencies.
Algorithmic Stablecoin – Backed by no specific asset, smart contracts or other non-specified assets to ensure the value.

These are the most used Stablecoins:

USDC – Issued by Circle a company linked to Blackrock, experienced a short depeg during the Silicon Valley Bank bankruptcy but recovered quickly. The most, let’s say, trusted stablecoin out there. They provided proof of reserve to show that you could redeem every USDC without breaking the stablecoin.
USDT – Has links to Justin Sun which is not the most trusted individual in crypto. No proof of reserve, only trust that the fiat peg is given. By far the most used stablecoin because of first mover advantage.
BUSD – Binance Stablecoin, had recently some problems with US regulations, would not hold it for long.
DAI – Issued by MAKER DAO, a cryptocurrency project with token ’Maker’. It’s an algorithmic stablecoin; I can’t recommend holding it because it is pegged by smart contracts and collateralized debt.

Everything Tokenomics

Terms in tokenomics

Vesting – This is a term which describes a locking period of coins. It will be done if new projects start or have a funding round to avoid that early investors sell everything right away and crash the coin price.
Burning – Burning tokens/coins means that these will be sent to a dedicated burn wallet without anyone holding the keys, so they are effectively lost.
Circulating Supply – The amount of tokens on the market without burned coins or vested coins in public hands.
Total Supply – The max supply without tokens/coins taken out of circulation by burning.
Max Supply – The maximum amount of tokens/coins to be ever available.
Market Cap – Circulation supply multiplied by price per coin.
Fully diluted market cap – Total supply multiplied by price per coin.
Trading volume – The amount of volume/money traded in the past 24 hours.

Supply and demand

The correct understanding of actual supply of a coin is not well known in the crypto space; most people just look at the market cap and assume that this would equal the amount of money available in this coin, which is false! As widely known, price is determined by supply and demand and this is the case in crypto too. But the circulating supply is not the actual supply! It’s a bit more complicated because of some specific Blockchain related things like staking and coin locking. To simplify it for now (It will be explained later in detail), tokens can be locked on chain which freezes them for a set amount and taking them out of the supply. But this won’t be tracked in the circulating supply.

As an example we do have a coin that has locked 50% of its supply, this amount is not available on the market and this basically reduces the available supply by half. If it has a market cap of $1 Million and the price doubles the official market cap would be $2 Million, which is misleading. Therefore I use something I call ’Liquid market cap’ (No official term), describing the amount of money actually available. If only 50% are available, then the liquid market cap would equal $500.000 and if the price doubles the liquid market cap would equal $ 1 Million.

This means, the more coins are locked, the lower the amount of money needed to double the price because the possible sell power and the liquid supply is smaller. But this could also act the other way around, if too much coins get unlocked and sold, this will drain liquidity out of the market causing a quick drop.

Good tokenomics are an essential part of a good project for the long term; the effects of good tokenomics are not visible in the short term. In case of tokenomics ’short term’ refers to one full cycle or less. To see the effects of good tokenomics there would be the need for large scale adoption and more demand for a coin in the ecosystem. If the demand keeps rising and the tokenomics are good and favorable the possibility of a supply shocks is greater. A supply shock is an event every coin wants, where the supply on exchanges gets dangerously low that the price skyrockets due to rising demand. But in the short term, we won’t see such event and it was visible in the 2021 bull run, that tokenomics have no big impact on price (YET). Currently the size in market cap of a project is more important to measure room to grow.

Altcoins

Understanding advanced terms

DEX – Decentralized Exchange, has no centralized authority and every action will be done on chain, costing the specific network fee. There is no KYC or verification to be done.
CEX – Centralized Exchange, you only need to register and sometimes verify yourself.
Bridge – A gateway to transfer coins from one blockchain network to another blockchain network costing a gas fee. For example bridging ETH from the Ethereum network to wrapped ETH on the polygon network.
Layer 1 – The base layer of crypto, normal blockchain like Ethereum or Bitcoin.
Layer 2 – A scaling solution, to increase the throughput of transactions on the layer 1 chains. To use a layer 2 it is necessary to bridge coins to the layer 2.
Smart Contract – Similar to a logical computation task in programming but immutable on the blockchain. It needs to be deployed once and other users can interact with a smart contract invoking its logic.
Block explorer – A block explorer shows the content of a blockchain, it can show every wallet and every transaction on chain to everyone. Useful to monitor whale movements.
DAG – A Directed Acyclic Graph is a new generation of distributed Ledger (Another term for Blockchain), it’s not a chain of blocks but connects singular transactions in a graph. By not needing to include transactions in a block, the amount of transactions per seconds can be increased dramatically. There are already different kinds of DAGs in use.
Oracle – Provides data to a blockchain or smart contract because current blockchains are closed networks without access to real world data.

Altcoin sectors

These are the most important sectors of altcoins giving a good overview of the crypto landscape.

Layer 1 – The infrastructure layer of blockchains providing infrastructure to build upon for other projects.
Layer 2 – Rollups and scaling solutions for Layer 1 Networks who bring new technology to Layer 1’s without the need to upgrade the Layer 1 itself.
RWA & Tokenization – Bringing real world assets like bonds, real estate or other physical items on the blockchain. This could transform prior illiquid assets into highly liquid ones and create whole new asset classes.
Metaverse – From gaming metaverse to business solution metaverse this includes projects that build a metaverse or build services for metaverses.
AI – Projects who use or offer artificial intelligence services.
Interoperability – These projects aim to create a more seamless way to interact between blockchains and applications. By interconnecting isolated chains a lot of value could be generated because applications limited to one chain, would be able to interact with every other chain.
DeFi – Decentralized Finance bringing different solutions and services on the Blockchain to generate revenue for its users. This includes a broad variety of applications given its own chapter later on.
IoT – Internet-of-Things projects or in a wider sense Economy-of-Things provide an automated interaction between different entities (machines, things, etc.).
Privacy coins – Projects like Monero or Tornado Cash providing privacy to its users by masking every transaction and offering full anonymity.
Gaming – There are different kinds of gaming related Blockchain projects from play-to-earn to play-and-earn, sometimes combined with NFTs.
Oracles – Mostly blockchain agnostic (Not bound to a single blockchain) providing data services for blockchains and applications on the Blockchain.
DAPPs – Decentralized Apps running fully on blockchain and making use of smart contracts.

Narratives And Hype

Altcoins are driven by hype and narratives, a narrative will be caused by a real world announcement or event, which leads to pumps in this specific sector. A good example would be the release of ChatGPT from OpenAI which caused a lot of Artificial Intelligence projects to have a strong pump. But there is a lot of caution needed, these narrative hypes last only a short duration of time and will spawn incredible amounts of pump and dump projects promising to be the next big innovation. If you can see a narrative coming, it is a good time to look out for strong projects in this sector, even the beginning of a narrative is good to have a short term investment but pay attention to take profit or you will get left behind.

DeFi

The decentralized Finance sector offers high yield and revenue and big financial institutions will want a piece of this, so they are forced to make a move into regulatory compliant DeFi.

DeFi Terms

There are a lot of different ways to earn revenue in the DeFi sector, but it’s not without risk so we will discuss different circumstances of DeFi to keep in mind.

Liquidity Pools – Providing liquidity to a DEX by holding it either one or two sided. You would choose a liquidity pair of two tokens/coins and either hold one or two of them to lock them into the pool. Most of the revenue will be paid by the exchange fees of the customers.
Staking – There are two types of staking, for one the network native solutions, where you stake by yourself in the specific network itself. This is only possible if the network has a proof-of-Stake consensus, the risk is almost not existent in this case. The other option would be third party staking, where you lend your tokens to the third party and receive set revenue, mostly set in APY %. By using a third party you open up to more risk because you need to trust this third party.
Real yield – Real yield platforms like GMX provide lending pools for a DEX which offers leveraged and non-leveraged trading. Real yield will be paid by trading fees and losses of the traders.
Flash Loans – A weird form of Loan that will be made and instantly repaid.
RWA – This is a quite new form of DeFi offering decentralized loans for companies in the real world. They will apply for a loan and place collateral in case of default, in return a yield will be paid to the lending pool distributed for its users. This is an easy method for companies who could otherwise not get a loan.

The pitfall of a passive income

DeFi offers tempting passive revenue while holding coins and waiting for the bull run, but there is a catch. If you only jump into DeFi without knowing what you do just to make 5% APY, you risk losing everything! This is not exaggerated in any way but a real threat to your hard earned money, I can’t stress this enough I know people who lost $10k, $40k and even $110k because of greed.

DeFi offers a lot of revenue but these protocols are based on Smart Contracts, this means if the developers of these protocols don’t know what they are doing or don’t pay enough attention it can have devastating consequences. Don’t risk your money on some small revenue, yes it is a good feeling to earn without doing anything, but your goal should not be passive income in the beginning.

So how do we can determine how to stay safe while earning some revenue on our holdings? The safest way to earn revenue is by leveraging native Proof-of-Stake protocols if your coins use these. Another way to earn revenue is by using big DeFi protocols that were audited many times and already run for a long time. The younger and smaller a DeFi protocol is, the more risk comes with it. And never under any circumstances use any third party staking services from lesser known companies where you lose control over your funds. According to analytics tools the overall amount lost due to hacks since recording are currently (May 2023) at $6.5 Billion.

Memecoins

Most people already heard of Memecoins and the incredible stories about ’get rich quick’, but most of them are lies. You need to understand that the market is not regulated in any way and every illegal thing imaginable is doable. Big whales will have multiple wallets to look like many peoples, one small wallet will do the initial buy, later knows as the lucky winner to everyone because of the incredible gains. The market will be manipulated by these whales to attract retail traders and maximize their own profits. There will be front running (If you place an order it will be recorded on the blockchain, they will buy too with higher fees and you will receive a higher price, sometimes 20% or higher because of slippage!). Most people who touch memecoins lose all their money, but you hear only of the lucky one who was actually the whale himself. There will be winners of course, but for someone to win in Memecoins, 1000 others need to lose. For this rule, there are exceptions like the big Memecoins like DOGE and SHIB who pumped and stayed up there, most other memecoins are pump and dump systems. My honest advice, stay away from Memecoins even if it is really tempting, it is only gambling and you need to be really early to make a big profit.

Best practices and what not to do

How to safely interact with the blockchain and what to avoid:

Hardware Wallet – There is nothing safer than using a hardware wallet which gives you full control over your coins. So you don’t depend on exchanges to hold your coins and the possibility of them going bankrupt to lose your coins. But it is important to learn about hardware wallets because you are responsible for it and if you lose the keys, your coins are lost for good.
Interaction with Smart Contracts – If you use any contracts, use a separate wallet to do this and not the main one you hold your coins in. You could do this, but limit this to contracts you fully trust. There are many accidents or hacks due to smart contracts, they could transfer your coins away and you can’t do anything against it. Especially if you want to take advantage of airdrops, always use a separate wallet.
Seed storage – If you use a hardware or web wallet, you need to store your recovery seed phrase. Always write it down multiple times and store in separate places. Never store unencrypted on any hard drive, and if you want to be extra safe, never copy and paste them, this will store them temporarily in your cache storage and make them vulnerable for hacker attacks.
Never underestimate hackers – There are extremely smart people in this space, they will outsmart us all, always double check addresses and contracts you use. Even if you copy and paste an address, always double check. Some hackers exploit the Metamask web wallet by sending you 0 funds (An empty transaction) this will save their address as previous interacted. They will mimic an address similar to the one you used previously, this is possible because they brute force create addresses until they got a similar one. If you send funds and don’t pay attention you could accidentally send the coins to them. As I said, they are really smart! Never let your guard down, a person on twitter lost $40k this way.
Don’t brag about holding cryptos – It is especially dangerous to brag about the coins you hold, because other than funds deposited in a bank, the attacker only needs your seed phrase, which is most likely stored somewhere at your home. Don’t make yourself a target.
Crypto Twitter – Never listen to anyone saying a coin will pump, there are endless crypto influencer insider groups who will praise a coin so their followers will buy in, and they can exit with a profit. How to spot these people? Look out for people who constantly change up the coin they push and you likely got one of them.
Buying and selling – From my experience it’s hard to time the bottom or top correctly, so DCA in around the bottom of the bear market and DCA out around the bull run top. Or even better, set specific sell targets and stick to them, don’t get greedy and keep sitting on your coins until the bull run is over and watching your profits vanishing in thin air.
Never fall in love with a coin – it doesn’t matter how much you like a project, if you don’t sell at the right time you won’t make money. Many people fall in love with a specific coin because of its great performance and buy into the narrative it could go up forever just to watch it drop 70%.

A wider view of the Blockchain future

If we look at the current blockchain economy we notice that most chains inhabit a DeFi ecosystem without any adoption or application beyond that. But is DeFi the pinnacle of what blockchain can become? Certainly not, but large scale adoption takes time. Currently most chains are only big DeFi casinos consisting of high yield Ponzi systems, memecoins or NFT rug pulls with only some legit good projects. And that’s what most people hear from media and this leads to the fact that they don’t believe in blockchain technology.

Real world blockchain solutions will dramatically increase efficiency and cost saving in almost every sector when large scale business adoption hits. Big enterprise companies are already exploring and building blockchain solutions, most people will still say that it will be only temporary. Knowing the tech and how blockchain will improve certain areas especially supply chain, finance, proof of ownership, intellectual property, energy and many more, people will use blockchain technology in their everyday life without even knowing it.

Currently in 2023 the opportunity arises to be able to invest in specific blockchain solutions which will act as the future tech infrastructure. There won’t be one winner but multiple blockchains which will interact with each other so every company can use the technology that fits it’s need best. This is certainly not the time to risk this opportunity with memecoins or scams, it is important to focus on real projects with good teams who will build great solutions.

One of the biggest narratives which will drive large scale adoption will be tokenization of real world assets. If all kinds of assets move on blockchains, this would eliminate huge administration costs and could automate a lot of things while proving clear ownership of everything. To address the question of what could be tokenized, the answer is simply everything. We could tokenize real estate, bonds, stocks, cars, debt, mortgages, energy, and other assets like gold, IDs, intellectual property, art and many more. This will open up entirely new markets of previous illiquid assets and make them highly liquid. It is important to keep in mind that this sector is still young but many big companies already testing out possibilities and there is more to come. It will take time but there are big companies estimating a volume of $5 to 16 Trillion to be tokenized by 2030.

Tools to use

There are some really useful tools in crypto, basic ones to search for specific coins and getting all their links to more advanced ones for on-chain analysis.

CoinMarketcap.com – The most basic version of a tool for searching coins, sometimes outdated data.
CoinGecko.com – A better more accurate version of CoinMarketCap.
Dune.com – Advanced Analytics tool with User made dashboards.
Kyberswap.com – ”Discover”- Section is great to monitor big volume changes on all coins to spot eventual hypes or pumps early.
app.artemis.xyz/dashboard – Analytics tool for chain comparison on activity between those.
DeFiLama.com – One of the best sources for everything DeFi. Gives even a good overview of hacked amounts in DeFi (defillama.com/hacks).
DexCheck.io – Monitoring of whales and big money on chain over different networks.
Discord – Useful to get a feeling of the community in a specific project/coin.
Twitter and Telegram – Great for news directly from the team of a coin to stay up to date.Everything Tokenomics

Supply and demand

The Bitcoin Cycle

Introduction

This analysis will combine personal experience, market observations and past data to understand the structure of bull run cycles. This should give a rough understanding of past observations with some in-depth data analysis of big winners for future prediction. It is important to understand that the data is limited but usually will show regular pattern which will likely continue to be seen. To really understand the BTC cycles some technical data analysis is required.
To get a further understanding of altcoin performance between the BTC halving event and the BTC bull run top, different data will be presented to look at the Top 20 and Top 100 coins in terms of market cap.

The Cycle Theory

The main driving point of the BTC cycle was created by the Bitcoin halving periods which occur roughly every 4 years and lower the BTC Miner rewards for work on the Blockchain by half. And thus halving inflation and new incoming supply. If the adoption and demand of BTC will keep rising, while the supply decreases over time, the natural result should be a steady price increase.
This was exactly what happened over the past 12 years with every cycle making a new all-time high, followed by a big correction of up to 85%. Here is some basic Data for the past BTC cycles:

It is important to keep in mind that the oldest data in the first cycle does not guarantee a high degree of accuracy. But it is clearly visible in terms of numbers that the volatility is decreasing each cycle. Every top is closer to the previous one in terms of price multiplications and the strength of corrections is decreasing too. For simplification we will refer to multiplications in price as X from here on out. If a price does 2X, it grew by 100% and doubled in price. To show the exact numbers, they will be displayed in Table 2 below.

So by looking at the presented data it is safe to assume that we are actually slowing down. But this does not at all mean we can’t make any profits. From the data it’s visible that it was still a 21X in the last cycle, even if only a 10X occurs, this would bring the price up to $150k for 1 BTC. Now we will look at the time aspect of previous BTC cycles to better understand the changes in this aspect so a possible conclusion can be drawn from here.

The time durations between set events tend to indicate that the cycles are getting longer, but the last two cycles have quite similar durations, which could point towards rough cycle duration for the future. By plotting 1060 days on top of the November low of 2022, a BTC ATH could occur around beginning of October 2025. This would be roughly fitting with the fact that a ATH occurred mostly during November or December 1.5 years after halving.
It is always important to look at past data, but this does not guarantee the future. There might be events that disrupt or delay these cycles. It is obvious that the volatility is decreasing; this might be due to the fact that the overall crypto market is growing and more money is needed to cause the volatility. With time going forward the market will get more stable until demand will adjust to supply and even halving events will get a lower impact on the price. One extreme price driver still untouched is mass adoption, if there would be a worldwide BTC adoption, this would increase demand to a point the supply can’t cover and thus drive the price upwards until a correct price is met.

The 2021 Cycle

In the 2021 bull run BTC alone did an incredible 21X from its previous low to its ATH of $69492. The most common misinformation most people have about the crypto market is that altcoins outperform BTC. This expectation could not be more wrong, most altcoins don’t outperform BTC at all. Because of this believe many new people in crypto lose money and would be better off to just buy BTC.
Another big misconception about altcoins is that altcoins reach or break its previous ATH. Only a small portion of Altcoins is actually able to create consistently new ATH’s. The most prominent altcoins doing this in the last 2 cycles are BTC, ETH, LTC, ADA, and….yes DOGE. Some of the newer coins like SOL, AVAX and MATIC experienced only one bull run, so this data is missing. But the probability is high they won’t reach the previous ATH.
If you are saying now ’No they will break their old ATH for sure’ you are either overinvested in those coins or in an echo chamber of crypto influencers, nothing is certain in crypto.

Big Winners Of 2021 And Pre-cycle Analysis

This section will dive into altcoins from 2021 who performed exceptionally well, this does not mean they will do it again and there will be proof for this. There were 61 coins that did more than a 100x and ended up in the top 300 after the bull run. This is a big amount, but where did they stand before the bull run started? To make it possible to compare these projects, we will look at the time of halving and their respective market cap around this time.

Notice that the market cap at the halving Date was not the lowest point during the cycle but fitting best to plan for the 2024 halving. This chart shows clearly that the probability of a 100x is extremely small if a coin is already of high market cap. And to put this more into perspective, only 11 of those coins took part in a previous bull run. And of these 11 older coins, 9 did a new ATH, this shows that even with incredible 100x runs there is no guarantee for a new ATH in price. This means new coins usually perform the best, starting with a low market cap in the bear market and show boring price action until the bull run starts.

From this table it is clear that an infrastructure layer performs usually well, followed by projects which are easy to understand because of visual content like Metaverse or Memecoins.

Tokenomics

At the current time, the demand does not reach the critical point to cause a supply shock meaning that the supply is not sufficient to cover demand. According to analysis of other people on 49 of the 61 100x coins, the mean circulating supply was 47% of max supply at time of the bull run. This shows that the circulating supply is currently no deciding factor in selecting a coin, but more of a long term speculation towards a supply shock that could happen in the future. Further classification of these coins can be seen in the table below.

Top 100

Many might say that they are not looking for those high performer 100X coins because the probability of finding one is too low while the risk is too high. So an analysis of the top 100 coins at the time of halving in May 2020 to show their performance in the bull run was done. This will show what we can expect by investing in the high market cap coins and how much of those actually outperform BTC who did a 7.7X from halving to ATH. Out of the top 100 we need to ignore the 6 stablecoins.

Out of the 49 outperformer, 20 did more than a 20X and 15 of those were below the Top 20 coins. Showing that only 5 coins in the Top 20 did more than a 20X.
Out of those 44 underperforming coins, 14 vanished and went to 0 resulting in a total loss of investment.
The average amount of X over all top 100 coins calculated to 17.76X showing that a good profit can be made by picking good promising projects. 30 of the Top 100 did less than a 5X.

Have a look at the top 20 coins in May 2020 at halving time and compare them to the current top 20. It’s clearly visible that a big change happened since then and only some of those are still in the top 20.

The Top 20 Of 2020

In a final look at the Top 20 coins in the snapshot of 2020 and how good they performed from halving until bull run top. Out of the top 20 coins, 13 actually outperformed BTC if the time of purchase was the date of halving, with the biggest winners being HEX, ADA and followed by BNB. It will be really interesting to see how the current top 20 will perform in 2025 given the fact that there are some fundamental solid projects.

Altcoin Market Cap To Growth Potential

We showed the best performer coins who did more than a 100x and almost all of them are in the lower market cap sections below or around 50 Million around the time of halving. Due to adoption this could change in the future but the 2021 bull run showed a clear pattern. Low market cap coins have a bigger growth potential, but this comes with more risk of course.

Bull Run Exit Indicators

There are multiple indicators which could be used in the past to monitor overall hype and market sentiment and helped to predict the BTC cycle top. Following is a list of tools and a short description how to use them accordingly to spot the top.

Coinbase App – It’s usually a good indicator that the top is near if the Coinbase app is number 1 in the App Store as the most downloaded mobile app.
Media coverage – You hear daily news about prices of cryptocurrencies from different sources.
People talking – If someone who never was into investing started buying cryptos, whales will soon dump on retail investors.
Pi cycle indicator – https://www.lookintobitcoin.com/charts/pi-cycle-top-indicator/ shows with an acceptable accuracy the cycle top of BTC.
BTC Rainbow chart – https://www.blockchaincenter.net/en/bitcoin-rainbow-chart/ if the price nears the red zone it’s a good time to selling.
Bitcoin Bull run Index – https://colintalkscrypto.com/cbbi/ gives a confidence score or market sentiment in regards to greed and fear in the market. It’s a good time to buy in fear and sell in greed.

It is not advised to rely only on one of those indicators, always monitor multiple and plan to DCA out of the market accordingly.

Psychological Aspect

Most people will always buy the top because of greed and FOMO, to succeed in the crypto market it is important to control it and taking a step back. If the media coverage is high, crazy stories get pushed out like during the Memecoin season or BTC top of 2021, many people will get FOMO and act irrational to end up buying the top. The most important traits are patience, logic and critical thinking. By keeping an objective view on the market, not falling in love with your coins and staying out of influencer echo chambers your chances are way better than average.

The Altcoin Cycle

This analysis is based on public data and snapshots from Coinmarketcap.com, which, in some cases, may have slightly inaccurate or incomplete old snapshots due to different projects disappearing over time. However, this will not impact the quality or overall conclusion of this analysis.

Introduction

This analysis will focus on raw data of coins during different periods of time over multiple cycles. The first sections will introduce the data of multiple cycles(2017 until now) and describe it by presenting graphs and tables, while the last section will draw a conclusion from it and provide a possible outlook for this cycle, along with the most probable data points for well-performing coins. The presented data refers to multiple snapshots during the time of the Top 100. Following snapshots are part of the analysis: Top 100 2017 bullrun peak, Top 100 halving 2020, Top 100 2021 bullrun peak, Top 100 now(08/2023).

Altcoins, in general, are more prone to volatility, and there are instances of scams and dishonest actors that make the market challenging to navigate, especially for newcomers to the altcoin space. For this reason, I highly encourage all of you to join the Discord community and ask questions in our crypto section. I (Ramok) will be available on Discord for further questions and discussions.

The goal of this report is to identify past cycle patterns and specific data points that can aid in identifying promising coins for further research. Furthermore, it aims to enhance your understanding of past cycles, demonstrate the market’s overall growth during this period, and estimate potential returns and risks.

The 2017 Cycle

The 2017 cycle marked the first major Altcoin cycle in cryptocurrency history, characterized by a plethora of Initial Coin Offering (ICO) projects. These projects generated incredible hype and greed, resulting in significant media coverage. This segment of the analysis examines the Top 100 coins during the halving time of 2016 and the peak of the bull run in 2017.

Time of Launch

To gain a fundamental understanding of this cycle, we will examine the current environment in terms of timing. The timeframe of interest refers to the launch dates of various projects within the top 100 at the peak of the bull run.

It’s important to note that this represents the first true altcoin bull run, which is evident in these charts due to the fact that nearly all coins were launched during this cycle. The substantial number of coins introduced in 2017 is a consequence of the overarching ICO hype, with numerous projects capitalizing on this trend.

Coin Performance

Arguably the most intriguing aspect is the actual performance during the 2017 cycle, including an outlook on price multiplication and various comparisons. The primary objective when investing in altcoins is to identify those that will outperform Bitcoin and maximize potential profits throughout the cycle. Thus, let’s examine the comparison between the top 100 coins at the time of bitcoin halving in 2020 and Bitcoin, referencing their respective launch years.

This graph in Figure 2 immediately demonstrates that most coins actually outperform BTC if purchased during the halving period. However, we must bear in mind that the halving occurred in 2016, which means all coins in the top 100 launched during 2017 would be excluded, totaling only 51 coins in the said graph! Nevertheless, it is evident that buying altcoins during the halving is a generally secure method to surpass BTC in performance. The question that remains is the extent of their outperformance compared to BTC, which achieved a 29X increase if purchased at halving time.

The subsequent graph in Figure 3 and Table present the extent of price multiplications if bought at the 2016 halving time, with the clear winner being the launch year 2014, boasting an impressive 347X multiplication. Given that 2014 and 2016 show the highest returns and the greatest number of outperforming coins, they emerge as the clear victors in terms of launch year when purchased during the halving period.

To examine the final outcome of the 2017 bull run, the graph in Figure 4 provides a more comprehensive comparison, specifically for the 2017 launch year. The time of purchase has been adjusted from the halving time to the optimal point, which is the lowest price of the token throughout the entire cycle. It’s important to note that these figures should not be taken as definitive, as no one can perfectly time the ideal entry point. They are presented solely for the purpose of comparing these coins.

First and foremost, let’s begin by observing the comparison between outperformers and underperformers, including those launched in 2017. It becomes quite evident that a significant majority of underperforming projects were introduced in 2017. This observation could be attributed to the selection of the lowest possible price, which provides these projects with the smallest range of price action to consider. However, subsequent data will reveal that this factor ultimately held little significance.

The indisputable victors, both in terms of halving price and best price, are the coins that were launched in 2014 during the 2017 BTC cycle. With astonishing growth during the years 2014 and 2015, these periods stood out as clear hotspots for the most significant winners of this cycle.

To conclude the performance analysis, we will visualize the number of coins that could reach a new all-time high in the subsequent 2021 bull run. The chart in Figure 6 provides a clear depiction of projects that flourish for a single cycle and subsequently decline or experience substantial drops. Notably, only 21 projects managed to achieve a new all-time high, while 78 failed to do so.

Concluding the performance section of 2017, we will now take a final glance at the distribution of price multiplication from the halving price. Please note that the “from lowest price” selection encompasses all coins launched in 2017.

Comparison of Rank

To assess the performance with a future-oriented perspective within this cycle, a crucial statistic would be the current rank and relevance of these projects up to the present day(08/2023). This can be effectively illustrated by a simple examination of their current position in the broader cryptocurrency market. As depicted in Chart 7, it becomes evident that only 10 coins have managed to improve their rank from the
2017 bull run peak to the present day.

However, relying solely on this statistic could lead to misleading conclusions, as we are still confined to the top 100 coins. Therefore, it’s essential to examine the specific sections where the 2017 top 100 coins currently stand.

As illustrated in Chart 8 and detailed in the subsequent Table , a significant portion of these coins has gradually fallen into obscurity, losing their value over time. Interestingly, out of the 21 coins that managed to reclaim their all-time high, only 11 are still situated within the top 100. These 11 coins have exhibited resilience across two cycles, maintaining their relevance in terms of rank.

For those who are curious about these coins, they include: BTC, ETH, DOGE, BNB, ADA, LTC, ETC, VET (Rebranded), MANA, CRO, and LINK.

The 2021 Cycle

This cycle consists of data from various time points, and it’s crucial to pay attention to the specified years to avoid any data confusion. We will utilize the combination of the Top 100 coins during the Bitcoin halving in 2020 and the Top 100 during the Bullrun peak in 2021 to provide a comprehensive understanding of the changes that transpired during this period.

Time of Launch

To initiate the discussion of the 2021 cycle, we will compare the Top 100 coins at the 2020 Bitcoin halving and the Top 100 at Bullrun peak in 2021. This comparative analysis will offer insights into the events and rank movements during this timeframe. As depicted in Chart 9, the halving phase showcases a significant presence of coins from the previous cycle (2017 and earlier), constituting 58% of the total. This percentage notably diminishes to 31% at the peak of the Bullrun, indicating a distinct shift as new projects replace older ones and secure positions within the top 100.

To make it more visible we group the launch times into cycle times in the graph 10

Coin Performance

Once again, similar to the approach taken during the 2017 cycle, we will examine the performance comparison between BTC and the altcoins within the top 100 during the halving period. The graph in Figure 11 reveals a notable trend: the majority of both outperformers and underperformers are older projects, adding an intriguing dimension to the analysis. However, it’s essential to consider that we are still in the halving phase, and many of the top-performing projects may not yet have secured positions within the top 100.

To gain a deeper understanding of the optimal timing for purchasing these projects, let’s dive further into the data. The graph in Figure 12 offers insights into the most favorable years for buying coins at their lowest prices, along with their corresponding launch years that exhibited the highest outperformance against BTC. Notably, the analysis highlights a significant trend: a substantial portion of the outperformers originates from the previous cycle and is particularly advantageous to acquire during the BTC halving year.

Upon observing the raw performance in terms of price multiplication as depicted in the graphs in Figure 13, a distinct pattern emerges: the most lucrative coins were launched in 2018, a year subsequent to the previous bull run. To provide a clear overview of the coin distribution across each launch year, we refer to Table 5.

Furthermore, the analysis highlights a noteworthy insight. While the most favorable launch year is 2018, if bought at the lowest price, boasting an impressive average gain of over 100X as seen in the left chart of figure 13. It’s interesting that the majority of projects according to Table 5 still reached their lowest price year in 2020, with an average multiplication of only 45X. Moreover, the graph on the right illustrates a decreasing average gain as the optimal buying time shifts later. In essence, this suggests that projects that reach their lowest point early in a cycle tend to yield more substantial profits.

Turning our attention back to the 2021 top 100 coins at the peak of the bull run, we will briefly explore the landscape of market capitalization. As we previously observed, the top 100 underwent a transformation, favoring younger projects and leading to the displacement of older ones from the top 100. By analyzing the data on the lowest market capitalization in Figure 14 within the context of the 2021 cycle, a couple of distinct patterns emerge.

Firstly, it becomes evident that a considerable number of coins boast a substantial market capitalization exceeding 250 million. However, a closer examination, as outlined in Table 6 grouped by launch year, highlights that the majority of coins within the top 100 exhibit a market capitalization below 50 million. Notably, the coins with market capitalization above 250 million are predominantly older projects originating from 2017 and prior. Conversely, the lower market capitalizations are predominantly associated with projects that were launched during the current cycle.

Comparison of Rank

To comprehensively assess these impressive coin performances, it is prudent to also consider their ranks and the changes they have undergone up to the present day. This examination will encompass two distinct time frames: the period between the 2020 halving and the 2021 bull run peak.

Beginning with the top 100 at the 2020 halving, while a substantial number of these coins maintained their positions, a majority experienced a decrease in rank or even completely vanished. This phenomenon is a direct result of new projects entering the scene and securing spots within the top 100. This shift becomes particularly evident when comparing the rank changes of the top 100 at the bull run peak to their current positions, as depicted in Figure 15.

Overall, a noteworthy observation emerges: approximately 28% of the top 100 coins have been displaced and experienced rank drops since November 2021. This trend is likely to persist, with the composition of the top 100 gradually evolving to predominantly feature new coins.

The 100x Coins

In this section, we will revisit the 57 coins from the 2021 Bitcoin cycle analysis that achieved returns exceeding 100x. To initiate our analysis, we will once again categorize these coins based on their respective launch years, as illustrated in Figure 17. Notably, the graph demonstrates a fairly uniform distribution across various launch years.

But when was the optimal time to purchase these coins for maximizing returns? This question gains further clarity when we examine the chart in Figure 18. A clear pattern emerges, highlighting one particular month as the standout winner in terms of the most advantageous time to buy. Interestingly, this notable month aligns with the COVID-19 crash from the previous cycle. It’s worth to consider that while this specific date appears to be highly profitable, it’s important to recognize that this circumstance was triggered by a macroeconomic event rather than the typical dynamics of the Bitcoin cycle.

Marketcap selection

After exploring the market capitalization ranges in the preceding section, where we examined the top 100 at the bull run peak and their corresponding lowest market caps during the cycle, we will do the same to the 100x coins. By reviewing the data presented in chart 19, a distinct trend becomes evident. Out of the 42 eligible coins, a significant majority of 29 coins had their lowest market capitalizations below 50 million. This observation resonates with the pattern we observed in the previous comparison.

The Current Top 100

Concluding our analysis with a focus on the current top 100 as of August 2023, we will adopt a similar approach as in the previous cycle analyses. This methodology will provide a solid foundation for summarizing our findings and drawing conclusions to develop a strategy for identifying potential future top performers.

Time of Launch

To begin, let’s examine the shift in the distribution of launch years within the current top 100 coins compared to the top 100 during the 2021 bull run peak. This initial step offers valuable insights into how new projects have entered the top 100 landscape, potentially displacing older ones as seen in Table 7.

Interestingly, it becomes apparent that older coins from previous cycles, particularly those from 2017, have experienced the greatest displacement, while coins from other years have managed to maintain their positions to a somewhat better extent.

Coin time horizons

Another intriguing statistic to consider is the duration between a coin’s lowest price and its highest price during the bull run. This metric could offer valuable insights into identifying opportune moments for purchase, especially when applying insights from the previously explored Bitcoin cycle, and considering the anticipation of a new all-time high (ATH) by the end of 2025. Illustrated in graph 21, the data highlights a clustering of periods around 13-15 months prior to the bullrun top. More broadly, a favorable window for purchasing lies within the range of 10 to 20 months before a coin’s peak performance, as indicated by the previous cycle’s trends. Applying this insight to the current cycle, the optimal period for purchasing would span approximately from April 2024 to February 2025.

However, it’s essential to bear in mind that the previous cycle was influenced by a significant macro event, which is visible across various statistics. Consequently, this circumstance must be taken into account when assessing an ideal time to make a purchase decision.

To gain a better understanding of this assertion, let’s delve deeper into the precise timing of price bottoms, which offers a more defined perspective. Notably, our analysis reveals that 42 of the projects launched before 2021 exhibited their most favorable buying opportunity in 2020 during the halving year. This observation provides valuable insights into when to consider purchasing coins from different launch years.

Both the graph and table show distinct timeframes where older projects typically reach their price bottoms earlier, approximately 28 to 30 months before the bull run peak. In contrast, younger projects tend to hit their lows around 13 to 15 months prior. Notably, projects launched during the bull run year often bypass the typical bottoming phase and surge directly toward their all-time highs. Given this behavior those late launched projects will be categorized as highly risky, as they necessitate immediate identification shortly after launch.

Coin performance last cycle

Moving forward, we will dive into a more detailed examination of the actual performance of the coins that currently sit in the top 100. Remarkably, nearly every sector has demonstrated significant potential and delivered high returns. Among these sectors, gaming stands out with a lowest representation, encompassing only two tokens. This scarcity suggests a highly competitive and potentially riskier landscape. In contrast, sectors like Layer 1 blockchain technologies boast a multitude of projects, reflecting robust potential and establishing them as a comparatively safer choice.

DeFi projects closely trail behind, showcasing promising returns as well. However, it’s important to exercise caution due to the inherent vulnerability to hacks that DeFi projects may exhibit. As you proceed, it’s advisable to approach such investments with careful consideration.

As evident from the data presented in Table 10, a visible trend emerges: older coins, as well as extremely new ones, tend to underperform when compared to BTC. In contrast, coins launched during the middle phase of the cycle exhibit notable performance, outperforming BTC to a significant extent.

Another insightful table is the expected price correction during the bear market which helps to estimate the time of bottom and when a good time to buy could approach.

Building theories

Now that we have thoroughly examined the data and gained an overarching understanding of past performance, our analysis will delve deeper into the realm of analytics to uncover patterns. This exploration will build various theories about the impending bull run, shedding light on potential scenarios while highlighting key attributes that coins should possess to perform well during this period.

Don't Bet Against Probabilities

As we’ve consistently observed across all analyzed timeframes in this study, new projects have continually surged into the top 100 rankings while older ones were pushed out. This ongoing trend is manifesting once more within the current Top 100 and is anticipated to persist and intensify. However, a prevailing expectation exists that there may be a subtle shift towards more established projects—those capable of delivering tangible products and securing a significant market share in the crypto landscape.

It’s important to acknowledge that given the relatively modest overall market size, this expectation remains susceptible to change. We must remain open to the possibility of emergent projects that rise to prominence, even if they haven’t launched yet. In conclusion, while purchasing older projects carries a degree of risk, newer projects boasting robust fundamentals could receive increased attention and hype.

It’s crucial to note that this assertion doesn’t imply that older projects are bad choices. Those that thrive will undoubtedly maintain substantial long-term growth potential. However, older projects that fail to establish a product or secure a market share are more likely to exit the top 100 rankings and face the risk of fading into obscurity.

Bitcoin outperformers

The fundamental goal of altcoin investing is to surpass Bitcoin’s performance and maximize profits during a bull run. To gain deeper insights, let’s closely examine these coins along with their respective launch years across different cycles.

The comprehensive analysis suggests a prevailing pattern: new projects entering the top 100, launched during the initial and middle phases of the cycle, often demonstrate the strongest performance. On the other hand, older projects and those introduced towards the end of a Bullrun tend to exhibit comparatively weaker performance. Of particular interest is the lower-left chart in Figure 23, which pertains to the Top 100 during the 2020 halving. Notably, a significant majority of coins that outperformed Bitcoin were launched in earlier cycles or around the conclusion of 2017. This underscores the observation that while these projects indeed display commendable performance, they are eventually surpassed by newer entrants, causing them to gradually exit the top 100. Nevertheless, they continue to outperform Bitcoin itself.

The accompanying bar chart in figure 24 provides a visualization of the number of coins from earlier cycles, particularly 2017, that managed to reach their all-time highs (ATH). This data underscores the continued high-risk nature of investing in these older coins, despite their notable performance in terms of outperforming BTC during the bull run.

Time of Purchase

As we reflect on the time of purchase, we recognize that there isn’t a magical formula to precisely determine the perfect buying moment. The preceding cycle, notably influenced by the COVID-19 crash, exemplifies how a significant number of coins bottomed out during that period. Despite this, we’ve gained a general understanding of temporal trends to consider for making purchases.

Older coins tend to experience swift bottoming-out shortly after the bear market correction, while younger coins typically reach their lows during the mid-cycle duration. Notably, very young projects that launch during a bull run’s all-time high year often don’t bottoming-out at all, rendering them a riskier investment choice.

Predicting the optimal time to buy older coins is relatively more feasible, as we expect a 90% price drop from the previous cycle’s peak price. This provides a rough indication of when an opportune buying window may emerge.

It’s important to acknowledge that most coins strongly correlate with Bitcoin’s price movements. As such, leveraging insights from the overarching Bitcoin cycle can aid in identifying favorable periods for making strategic purchases.

Shift in the Market

The crypto market’s overall size continues to expand, thereby augmenting the potential gains for new projects. An intriguing trend becomes evident when we examine the Top 100 coins during the 2017 bull peak and compare it to the subsequent cycle in 2021. In 2017, most of the resulting top 100 coins began with market caps ranging from 5 to 10 million. However, by 2021, a majority of the top 100 coins commenced their journey with approximately 50 million market cap.

This shift potentially indicates a trend toward new projects achieving substantial gains with larger initial market caps. This notion gains support when we delve into specific figures from the 2017 and 2021 top 100 rankings. For instance, while the coin ranked 10th in 2017 bullrun top boasted a market cap of 2.3 billion, the coin occupying the same rank in 2021 bullrun top held a market cap of 27.3 billion, reflecting an impressive 12x increase.

To reinforce this hypothesis, let’s consider the market cap of the coin ranked 10th around the times of the halving events. In 2016, the market cap was merely 30 million, whereas in 2020, it reached 2 billion, representing a remarkable 66x surge. Although we don’t have precise halving date data for the current year, the coin currently ranking 10th is valued at 7 billion, which translates to a 3.5x growth from the 2020 halving, implying a notable reduction in the multiplier.

In light of these statistics, I propose the assumption that we could extrapolate these trends to today’s price range to identify the most promising new projects. With an anticipated multiplier between 4 and 5x (slightly increased from 3.5x) and considering that 100x coins from 2020 had market caps around 50 million, the most promising new projects might ideally possess market caps ranging from approximately 200 to 250 million. Furthermore, they should be launched within the current cycle.

Potential Trends

After experiencing two strong altcoin cycles, an intriguing evolution of the market has unfolded, transitioning from mere hype to a landscape characterized by genuine use cases and functional products. Over the course of these years, certain projects persevered in their efforts, consistently enhancing their services with the overarching aim of achieving widespread adoption.

An equally significant development is the global push for regulations within the crypto market. While these regulations may present challenges for numerous projects, they could concurrently offer opportunities. Specifically, these regulations have the potential to pave the way for substantial adoption by businesses that are keenly interested in the sector. These businesses, previously hindered by uncertainties surrounding real-world compliance and regulatory clarity, may now find a pathway to engage with the crypto industry.

This shift could notably favor projects that prioritize regulatory compliance and older projects that have either delivered promising products or have already established functional offerings capable of addressing customer needs.

Conclusion

This analysis has delved into past cryptocurrency cycles, providing a valuable comparison to enhance comprehension and establish guidelines for evaluating new projects. The subsequent paragraphs will recap the key findings of the analysis.

In the 2017 cycle, coins launched around halving periods tended to outperform Bitcoin, highlighting the significance of timing. The 2021 cycle echoed this trend, emphasizing the benefits of early or mid-cycle investments.

Older coins faced challenges as new projects entered the top 100, underscoring the evolving market landscape. Understanding a coin’s launch year can offer strategic entry points, with older coins bottoming quickly after bear markets and younger ones during mid-cycles.

Analyzing price corrections revealed potential indicators for investment opportunities during market turbulence. A shift towards favoring higher initial market capitalizations emerged, which offers us a broader range of projects to choose from to gain substantial profits.

As the crypto market evolves, balancing historical insights with adaptability is key. Navigating regulatory changes, adoption, and emerging technologies requires vigilance and due diligence.

In conclusion, this analysis equips us with a comprehensive understanding of altcoin performance. Armed with these insights, we can navigate the cryptocurrency market more strategically and seek out the most promising projects for the upcoming bullmarket.

To end this analysis i employ you to pay a visit to our Discord server where we will be able to discuss the market and look for new projects together.

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Crypto 101

THE BITCOIN CYCLE

THE ALTCOIN CYCLE